Forming & Protection

The Eiffel Tower is the symbol of Paris. Around 130 years ago, this steel structure was completed just in time for the World’s Fair and has lost none of its fascination to this day. More than 7 million visitors tour …

« Why Heat Resistance Is a Critical Property in Surface Technology » In many industrial facilities, the surfaces of reactors, furnaces, and chemical plants must endure high temperatures and frequent thermal cycling. Lubricants used during machining face similar demands, where …

« What does it mean? » Pickling and passivation are chemical or electrochemical surface treatment processes that deliberately modify the properties of the material’s surface layers. These methods are commonly used in the pretreatment of metal workpieces to create corrosion …

Process parameters in surface technology are measurement variables that define the conditions influencing coating or material treatment procedures. Chemical and physical processes are triggered when an external influence disturbs the existing equilibrium. As the system seeks to re-establish balance, other …

Metalworking fluids are essential for surface processing. But what composition do they have? And which ingredients are used? Learn more. Fluid Composition Fundamentals When machining speeds were limited by muscle power, heat generation played only a minor role. When machines …

Cold forming is a metalworking process where materials are shaped under significant compressive or tensile forces  with or without minimal preheating. This distinguishes cold forming from hot forming, with the dividing line being the recrystallization temperature. Formation of Material Microstructure …

We are surrounded by products made from diverse materials and shapes. Manufacturing processes transform raw materials like metal or plastic into semi-finished products such as bars, tubes, and sheets. These intermediate forms are then processed further to create finished products, …

« Mitigating the Effects of Influencing Factors on Plastic Aging » The aging of plastics is a slow process during which irreversible changes occur within the material. Although aging cannot be prevented, appropriate measures can delay it. This requires an …

Steel is found in nearly every aspect of daily life—houses, bridges, tools, and machines. While  it is not a lightweight metal, steel is relatively easy to shape and provides tremendous structural strength. Pure steel, however, cannot be used directly as …

« Passive and Active Corrosion Protection – We explain the differences » Passiver und aktiver Korrosionsschutz umfasst alle technischen Maßnahmen, die dazu dienen, Werkstoffe vor der Zerstörung durch Umgebungseinflüsse zu schützen. Der Sauerstoff und die Feuchtigkeit in der Atmosphäre setzen …