« Processes, Benefits, and Applications in Modern Industry » Work hardening occurs when metallic materials are deformed below their recrystallization temperature. Discover how mechanical properties of metals change during forming processes, which industries benefit from increased material strength, and  the …

Professional surface treatment significantly increases the lifespan of components. The chosen method depends on the base material and the desired effect. Among the most essential techniques in this field are electroplating and anodizing. While both use electricity and can serve …

« The Sustainability Assessment System Explained » EcoVadis SAS is a Paris-based company, established in 2007, that operates globally to assess sustainability practices within companies. The outcome is the EcoVadis Sustainability Rating. This rating allows participating companies to precisely determine …

Tube drawing is a critical manufacturing process that creates precise, high-quality metal tubes used in everything from automotive parts to construction materials. The process transforms stock materials into finished tubes with precise dimensions. The starting materials are typically steel hollow …

Coagulants cause coating particles in wastewater to join together into micro-flocs and allow them to be separated during further treatment. Read here about where wastewater is generated during painting processes, how detackification works, what requirements detackification agents must meet, and …

Since the mid-19th century, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have steadily increased. With industrialization and rising carbon dioxide emissions, concentrations have surged from an average of 280 ppm (parts per million, a unit measuring the concentration of gases in …

« The Importance of Surface Treatment for Equipment Efficiency » In common terminology, the phrase “maintenance and servicing of machinery and equipment” is frequently used. Strictly speaking, servicing is a broader category that includes maintenance. The latter ensures continuous trouble-free …

Decarburization refers to the reduction of carbon content in molten or solidified alloys. This process commonly occurs during the production and processing of steel but can also affect cast iron when exposed to  elevated temperatures. This article explains the role …

« Separating Solvents and Other Applications of Fractionation Methods » In chemistry, fractionation refers to the process of separating mixtures into their individual components. This is achieved using a variety of specialized chemical separation techniques. The term “fractionation” is typically …

Water beads up on many surfaces. After a rain shower, tiny droplets can still be seen on windows for a long time.  This occurs because thin water films contract into droplets. All these are effects of surface tension, which becomes …